Revealing and exploring the toughest and easiest- isn't that simple!
Complexity is all over our work, situations, lives around, and what not! But the complexities, are not the subject of elaborating on this topic, because of the vastness of extreme difficulties of landing on the moon's poles! All of us know that the mission named 'Chandrayaan - 2' could have snatched the greatest success but failed and has profuse causes behind that. There are lots of adverse conditions which create more difficulties. Let's give glance at those points.
Earth's atmospheric conditions are such that the landing ways of spacecraft don't face any trouble. Also, here the planet earth works as a moderator. But, as the moon has a thin atmosphere, spacecraft need more fuel to reduce the possibility of breaking down. Although other emergency reservations are to be in, the mission can face mediocre failures, nevertheless.
Moreover, the dark polar regions have low temperatures which are even below 240 degrees Celsius, and the sunlight can't reach there so the operation mostly falls into difficulties.
Moon's gravitational fields, especially in some areas of the north and south poles, contain Mascons (mass concentration), which are the supreme emblems of positive gravity. As a consequence, the uneven gravitational pull doesn't let the spacecraft be in general condition.
Some polar regions (especially the north pole) are so much gravitationally stronger that the operation can be collapsed easily.
It's very difficult to reach the last stage. At the time of landing on the moon, the lander has to accomplish several complex tasks within a few minutes to land successfully, and therefore very often the lander fails to successfully take up those tasks, and consequently, the mission fails.
Some evidence was found that the moving fragments of the dust create a thin layer and thus it gives birth to a moving dust atmosphere on the moon's surface. So, the interference of moving particles in spacecraft equipment causes a high chance of malfunction of engines.
